A researcher wants to bring forth an involuntary response from a subject. In other words, he wants to _______ a response.

In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.

If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is called a(n):

Conditioning is the process of

If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is called a(n)

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates

Vicarious learning is:

Escape from an aversive stimulus is a ________ reinforcer.

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

According to principles of operant conditioning, a response will undergo extinction if the response is:

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

The use of physical punishment may

Every 50 minutes, the class takes a break if their behavior is appropriate. They are on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

A variable-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n):

Negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and punishments ________ the rate of operant responding.

A psychologist would be most likely to use ________ in order to determine whether nonverbal organisms can perceive different colors.

Positive reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding and negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding.

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of:

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Children are helped by ________ to develop a theory of mind.

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of