A researcher wants to bring forth an involuntary response from a subject. In other words, he wants to _______ a response.

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n)

At the beginning of his last vacation, Mike fell off of a horse. He developed a fear of riding horses and did not get back on one for a while. He eventually got over his fear. He finally does ride horses again, but if he experiences spontaneous recovery he will:

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates

The taste of food and a drink of water are both ________ reinforcers.

Negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and punishments ________ the rate of operant responding.

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

Every 50 minutes, the class takes a break if their behavior is appropriate. They are on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

The use of physical punishment may

The method of removing a phobia is best suited by creating an anxiety hierarchy in which the phobia is addressed in a slow, methodical manner. This method of treatment is called:

According to the principles of operant conditioning, a response will undergo extinction if the response is:

Dakota operantly conditions his dog to bring him his slippers. He sounds a bell, has the dog bring the slippers and then reinforces the dog with a biscuit. One day, a church bell sounds outside, however, the dog ignores it and does not bring the slippers. By ignoring a bell that is different, the dog is displaying:

In operant conditioning, the __________ comes before the __________.

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Mirror neurons provide a biological basis for

Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to

Children are helped by ________ to develop a theory of mind.

The retention of encoded information over time refers to

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

The effortful processing of information

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the benefits of

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of

Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of

According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those

Although you can't recall the answer to a question on your psychology midterm, you have a clear mental image of the textbook page on which it appears. Evidently, your ________ encoding of the answer was ________.

One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.

Karl Lashley trained rats to solve a maze and then removed pieces of their cortexes. He observed that storage of their maze memories

One effect of long-term potentiation is that

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of

Memory of facts is to ________ as memory of skills is to ________.

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?

When 80-year-old Ida looked at her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The pictures served as powerful

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates

The inability to recall which numbers on a telephone dial are not accompanied by letters is most likely due to

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially

An experiment demonstrated that people who were better at forgetting irrelevant word pairs were good at remembering relevant word pairs. Their forgetting was adaptive because it reduced

Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case. Their memory failure best illustrates

Among contemporary memory researchers, increasing numbers think that ______ rarely, if ever, occurs.

Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated

As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates

Research reports of repression and recovered memories indicate that